Every biomarker, explained in plain English.

Your heart rate is how many times your heart beats per minute. A normal resting heart rate is 60-100 bpm, athletes often have lower rates (40-60 bpm), which is a sign of great fitness.

Respiratory rate is how many breaths you take per minute. A healthy adult typically breathes 12-20 times per minute at rest.

Resting heart rate classification tells you where your resting heart rate falls compared to healthy ranges for your age.

Respiratory regularity measures how consistent and rhythmic your breathing pattern is.

Clinical heart rate via fingertip PPG provides a high-accuracy reading by measuring blood flow directly through your fingertip using the phone's camera and flash.

Screens your fingertip pulse for irregular rhythm that may warrant an ECG. A wellness screen, not a diagnosis.

Estimates blood oxygen using the phone's flash to read your fingertip. A wellness estimate, not a medical pulse oximeter.

Palm heart rate extracts your heart rate from palm blood vessels. Equal or better accuracy than face (+/- 1-3 BPM) due to dense vasculature and minimal melanin variation.

Peripheral perfusion index measures the ratio of pulsatile to non-pulsatile blood flow in your fingertip. Values above 1.0 indicate good perfusion.

Estimates how much oxygen your red blood cells are carrying. A wellness estimate, not a medical pulse oximeter.

The top number in a blood pressure reading, the force on your artery walls when your heart beats. A wellness estimate, not a validated cuff. Not a diagnosis.

The bottom number in a blood pressure reading, the pressure in your arteries between heartbeats when your heart is resting. A wellness estimate, not a validated cuff. Not a diagnosis.

Mean arterial pressure (MAP) is the average pressure in your arteries during one complete heartbeat cycle. A healthy MAP typically falls between 70 and 100 mmHg.

Pulse pressure is the difference between your systolic (top) and diastolic (bottom) blood pressure numbers. A normal pulse pressure is around 40 mmHg.

Hemoglobin estimation analyzes the color intensity of light passing through your fingertip to estimate blood hemoglobin concentration. Low hemoglobin indicates anemia.

Peripheral perfusion index via palm measures blood flow strength in the palm's capillary network. Reduced perfusion can indicate Raynaud's disease, PAD, or diabetic complications.

Nail bed anemia screening analyzes fingernail bed color, pale nail beds are one of the most reliable physical signs of anemia. A wellness cue, not a blood test.

Blood perfusion shows how well blood is flowing to different areas of your face.

Capillary refill time measures how quickly blood returns to your nail bed after pressing, normal is under 2 seconds. Prolonged refill suggests poor circulation or dehydration.

Blood glucose trend tracks relative changes in blood sugar by analyzing subtle optical properties of blood flow. Detects trends (rising, stable, falling) rather than absolute values. An emerging estimate, not a glucose meter or diagnosis.

Palmar erythema detection identifies abnormal palm redness indicating liver disease, pregnancy, thyroid conditions, or rheumatoid arthritis.

SDNN measures the overall variation in the time between your heartbeats, a key indicator of heart health.

RMSSD measures short-term changes in your heartbeat timing and reflects how well your body can relax and recover.

pNN50 tells you what percentage of heartbeat intervals differ from each other by more than 50 milliseconds.

SDSD measures the variation in the differences between consecutive heartbeats, similar to RMSSD. It reflects your body's ability to shift between activity and relaxation.

Mean NN interval is the average time between your heartbeats, measured in milliseconds. A longer interval means a slower, often healthier resting heart rate.

LF power reflects a mix of your sympathetic ("fight or flight") and parasympathetic ("rest and digest") nervous system activity. Elevated LF power can indicate stress or tension.

HF power reflects the activity of your parasympathetic nervous system, the part that helps you relax and recover.

Total power is the sum of all heart rate variability frequencies, it's an overall measure of how adaptable your heart is.

LF/HF ratio compares your stress ("fight or flight") and relaxation ("rest and digest") nervous system activity.

SD1 measures beat-to-beat (short-term) variation in your heart rhythm using a Poincare plot analysis.

SD2 measures longer-term patterns in your heart rhythm variation. It reflects the combined influence of both branches of your nervous system on your heart.

VLF power reflects very slow rhythms in your heartbeat, linked to hormonal regulation, temperature control, and long-term stress patterns.

Triangular index is another way to measure your overall heart rate variability using the shape of your heartbeat interval distribution.

Approximate entropy measures how complex and unpredictable your heart rhythm is.

Sample entropy is a refined measure of how unpredictable your heartbeat patterns are.

DFA Alpha-1 measures the fractal-like patterns in your heartbeat over short periods.

Tracks how much your breath timing shifts from one breath to the next.

Approximates how much air you move with each normal breath.

Estimates the largest breath you could comfortably draw in.

Assesses whether your breathing is smooth and steady or irregular.

Pulse irregularity index measures how irregular the spacing between your heartbeats is. Some variation is completely normal and healthy.

Atrial fibrillation probability estimates the likelihood that your heart rhythm shows signs of AFib, an irregular heartbeat. A low probability is normal and expected. An educational estimate, not a diagnosis.

AFib risk category classifies your estimated risk of atrial fibrillation, from low to high. Most people fall in the low category. An educational estimate, not a diagnosis.

Vascular age estimates the age of your blood vessels based on their stiffness and function, which can differ from your actual age.

10-year CVD risk score estimates your percentage chance of experiencing a cardiovascular event (like a heart attack or stroke) in the next 10 years. An educational estimate. Not a diagnosis.

IBI entropy measures the randomness in the intervals between your heartbeats. A moderate level of entropy is healthy, it means your heart is responsive to your body's needs.

Augmentation index measures how much the reflected pressure wave from your arteries adds to the peak blood pressure.

SD1/SD2 ratio compares short-term and long-term heart rhythm variation to show how balanced your nervous system is.

PAC frequency estimates how often premature atrial contractions (extra early heartbeats from the upper heart) occur. Occasional PACs are very common and usually harmless.

PVC frequency estimates how often premature ventricular contractions (extra beats from the lower heart) occur. Like PACs, occasional PVCs are common and usually harmless.

Pulse wave velocity measures how fast blood pressure waves travel through your arteries. Faster waves usually mean stiffer arteries, which is a risk factor for heart disease.

Reflection index measures how strongly pressure waves bounce back from the smaller blood vessels in your body.

Stiffness index provides an overall assessment of how stiff your large arteries are.

Estimates your relative risk of a heart attack based on your cardiovascular markers. A lower level is ideal. An educational estimate, not a diagnosis or prediction.

Estimates your relative risk of a stroke based on your cardiovascular indicators. An educational estimate, not a diagnosis or prediction.

Cardiac output estimates how much blood your heart pumps per minute. A healthy resting cardiac output is typically 4-8 liters per minute.

Stroke volume estimates how much blood your heart pumps with each individual beat. A healthy stroke volume is typically 60-100 mL per beat.

Venous oxygen saturation (SvO2) estimates the oxygen level in your blood as it returns to the heart after delivering oxygen to your body. Normal values are around 60-80%.

Baevsky stress index is a well-established measure of how much physiological stress your body is under, based on your heart rhythm patterns.

Composite stress score combines multiple heart rhythm and nervous system signals into a single stress rating. It gives a more complete picture than any single marker alone.

Stress level category places your overall stress into a simple category, from low to very high, based on your physiological signals.

SNS activity index measures how active your sympathetic nervous system is, the "fight or flight" branch that revs you up.

PNS activity index measures how active your parasympathetic nervous system is, the "rest and digest" branch that helps you recover.

ANS balance index shows whether your autonomic nervous system is tilted toward stress (sympathetic) or recovery (parasympathetic).

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) measures a natural, healthy phenomenon where your heart rate speeds up slightly when you inhale and slows down when you exhale.

Baroreflex sensitivity measures how quickly your body adjusts your heart rate in response to blood pressure changes, like when you stand up suddenly.

Acute vs chronic stress classification tells you whether your body's stress signals look like a temporary (acute) response or a longer-term (chronic) pattern.

Facial tension score measures visible muscle tension in your face, which is a surprisingly reliable indicator of overall stress.

Your weight to height ratio, a common general measure of weight status.

Estimates the share of your body made up of fat tissue.

Approximates the calories your body burns at complete rest.

Estimates deep belly fat around your organs, the type most tied to metabolic risk.

Approximates the weight of everything in your body that is not fat.

Estimates how much of your body is muscle.

Estimates how your body distributes fat, a cardiovascular risk cue.

Approximates the proportion of your body made up of water.

A general read on your overall body composition and shape.

Places your body composition on a simple weight status scale.

Hemoglobin estimate gives an approximation of your hemoglobin level, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.

HbA1c risk estimate approximates your average blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months. An emerging estimate, not a diagnosis.

Blood glucose estimate approximates your current blood sugar level. Normal fasting glucose is 70-100 mg/dL. An emerging estimate, not a glucose meter or diagnosis.

Glucose risk category classifies your estimated blood sugar levels into a risk level, from normal to high risk. An emerging estimate, not a diagnosis.

Total cholesterol risk estimates whether your cholesterol levels may be putting you at elevated cardiovascular risk. Healthy total cholesterol is generally under 200 mg/dL. An emerging estimate, not a lab panel.

Triglyceride risk estimates whether your triglyceride levels, a type of fat in your blood, may be elevated. Normal triglycerides are under 150 mg/dL. An emerging estimate, not a lab panel.

LDL/HDL Risk Ratio compares your "bad" cholesterol to your "good" cholesterol, giving a snapshot of your heart disease risk. An emerging estimate, not a lab panel.

Estimates your likelihood of a cluster of conditions: high blood sugar, excess belly fat, abnormal cholesterol, and high blood pressure. An emerging estimate, not a diagnosis.

Anemia risk flag checks for signs that your blood may not be carrying enough oxygen, often due to low iron or other nutrient deficiencies. A wellness cue, not a diagnosis.

Hydration index estimates how well-hydrated your body is based on subtle skin and facial cues. Even mild dehydration can cause headaches, brain fog, and fatigue before you feel thirsty.

Resting HR fitness classification rates your resting heart rate against established fitness benchmarks. A lower resting heart rate generally means a stronger, more efficient heart.

VO2max estimate measures your body's maximum ability to use oxygen during exercise, it's one of the best indicators of overall cardiovascular fitness.

Cardiac fitness age tells you how old your heart "acts" compared to your actual age. If your cardiac age is higher than your real age, your heart may be working harder than it should.

Recovery score reflects how well your body has bounced back from recent physical or mental stress. A low score suggests your body is still working hard to repair and recharge.

Training readiness indicates whether your body is primed for a hard workout or would benefit from a lighter day. If this score is low, pushing hard could increase your injury risk.

HRV fitness percentile shows where your heart rate variability ranks compared to others your age. Higher HRV means your nervous system is flexible and resilient.

Respiratory efficiency measures how effectively your lungs exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with each breath. Good efficiency means your body gets more oxygen with less effort.

HR recovery estimate predicts how quickly your heart rate drops after exercise, a key sign of cardiovascular health.

Biological age estimate is an overall estimate of how old your body appears to be, regardless of your birthday.

Apparent facial age is how old you look based on your facial features alone, wrinkles, skin tone, and structural cues.

Vascular age estimates the age of your blood vessels based on stiffness and circulation indicators.

HRV age estimates how old your nervous system "acts" based on heart rate variability patterns. A younger HRV age suggests your body handles stress well and recovers efficiently.

Skin health age evaluates the condition of your skin, texture, elasticity, tone, and clarity, and translates it into an age estimate.

Age gap score shows the difference between your biological age and your actual age. A negative gap (biological age lower than real age) is great news.

Aging rate / pace tracks whether you're aging faster or slower than one biological year per calendar year.

Longevity risk score estimates your overall risk profile for age-related health decline based on multiple biomarkers combined. A higher score means more risk factors are present.

Fatigue score (PERCLOS) measures the percentage of time your eyes are partially or fully closed, a well-studied indicator of fatigue.

Drowsiness level detects how close you are to falling asleep based on eye and facial behavior. Even mild drowsiness can significantly impair your reaction time and judgment.

Blink rate counts how many times you blink per minute. Normal is about 15-20 blinks/min. A very low rate often occurs during intense screen use and can lead to dry eyes.

Blink duration measures how long each blink lasts. Normal blinks take about 100-400 milliseconds. Longer-than-normal blinks are a strong sign of drowsiness and fatigue.

Yawn frequency tracks how often you yawn, which is a natural response to fatigue, boredom, or the need for more oxygen.

Microsleep detection watches for very brief episodes (1-15 seconds) where your brain momentarily disengages, essentially falling asleep without realizing it.

Pupillary light reflex speed measures how quickly your pupils constrict when exposed to bright light.

Pupil constriction amplitude is how much your pupil shrinks when exposed to light, typically 1-3mm in healthy adults.

Respiratory waveform visualization amplifies subtle chest and shoulder movements from breathing, providing rate, depth, regularity, and effort measurements comparable to standard monitors.

Consensual pupil response checks whether both pupils react when light is shone in just one eye.

Vocal tremor detection analyzes micro-tremors in your voice that are imperceptible to the ear but detectable by signal processing.

Tremor detection and characterization uses Eulerian video magnification to amplify invisible motions by 10-100x.

A wellness estimate of your current anxiety. Never a diagnosis.

A directional wellness estimate loosely modeled on mood questionnaires. Not a diagnosis.

Attention level estimates how focused and engaged you are based on eye movement, gaze direction, and facial cues.

Eye redness score measures the degree of redness visible in the whites of your eyes. Mild redness can come from dryness, allergies, screen time, or lack of sleep.

Pupil dilation latency measures how long it takes your pupil to return to its resting (dilated) size after light exposure ends. Normal re-dilation takes 5-10 seconds.

Stress level via voice analyzes vocal biomarkers that change under stress, pitch variation, jitter, and shimmer.

Estimates whether your current expression leans positive or negative.

A directional read on how well you appear to be coping with stress.

Gauges your apparent drive and energy from facial and physiological cues.

Estimates how settled and present you seem right now.

An indirect read on recent sleep quality from your recovery signals.

A directional wellness cue about mood and engagement.

A broad, directional wellbeing estimate. Not a clinical measure.

A composite alertness and presence score from your scan.

Autonomic pupil score combines pupil constriction, dilation latency, and oscillation patterns into a single score reflecting overall autonomic nervous system health.

Concussion screening score evaluates multiple pupillary metrics simultaneously. A wellness score, not a concussion or TBI diagnosis.

Depression screening via voice analyzes prosody, rhythm, tone, and variation in speech. Depression typically flattens vocal range, reduces speaking rate, and increases pause duration. A directional wellness estimate, not a diagnosis.

Cognitive decline indicator tracks speech fluency, word-finding pauses, and semantic patterns that may change with early cognitive decline. A wellness cue, not a cognitive diagnosis.

Parkinson's voice biomarker combines vocal tremor, breathiness, monotone pitch, imprecise articulation, and reduced volume into a composite score. A wellness signal, not a screen or diagnosis.

Carotid pulse visualization amplifies skin movement over the carotid artery to visualize the arterial pulse waveform, revealing information about aortic valve function and arterial.

Emotional valence measures whether your current emotional state leans positive (happy, content) or negative (sad, upset). It's captured from subtle facial expressions.

Emotional arousal measures how activated or calm your emotional state is right now, independent of whether you're feeling good or bad.

Emotion category identifies your most likely current emotion from your facial expressions, such as happy, sad, angry, fearful, surprised, or neutral.

Affect variability measures how much your emotional expressions fluctuate over the course of a scan. Some variability is completely normal.

Depression risk score screens for potential signs of depression using facial and behavioral cues. A directional wellness estimate, not a diagnosis.

Anxiety risk score estimates your anxiety level using facial tension and behavioral signals. A directional wellness estimate, not a diagnosis.

Mental wellness score gives you a combined snapshot of your emotional and psychological well-being based on multiple behavioral indicators.

Cognitive load level estimates how hard your brain is working right now based on eye movement, blink patterns, and facial tension.

Psychomotor activity score measures the speed and amount of your facial movements and micro-expressions.

Cognitive load index uses pupil dilation as a window into mental effort.

Pain response index uses pupil dilation patterns to objectively estimate pain levels. Acute pain causes measurable pupil dilation through sympathetic activation.

Respiratory health assessment detects vocal characteristics associated with respiratory conditions.

Micro-expression analysis amplifies facial muscle movements too subtle for the human eye. These involuntary micro-expressions reveal emotional states, stress responses, and pain.

Neonatal vital signs monitoring uses motion amplification to detect breathing and heart rate in newborns without skin contact.

Skin luminance score rates the overall brightness and glow of your skin. Healthy, well-hydrated skin naturally reflects light evenly.

Sun damage / photoaging grade rates the visible effects of cumulative sun exposure on your skin, including dark spots, uneven tone, and fine lines.

Skin texture score evaluates the smoothness and evenness of your skin's surface.

Anemia screening via spectral analysis performs deeper RGB channel spectroscopy on facial skin. A wellness cue, not a blood test.

Analyzes yellow discoloration in skin and sclera using calibrated RGB spectroscopy. A wellness cue to see a professional, not a diagnosis.

Melanin index measures the amount of melanin pigment in your skin, which determines your skin tone and how your skin responds to sun exposure.

Erythema index measures skin redness, which can result from inflammation, sun exposure, irritation, or increased blood flow.

Acne severity score rates the extent and intensity of acne visible on your face, from mild to severe.

Looks for signs of rosacea, a common condition causing persistent redness, visible blood vessels, and sometimes small bumps on the face. A wellness cue, not a diagnosis.

Pigmentation uniformity measures how even your skin tone is across your face.

Wrinkle depth map provides a detailed view of wrinkle depth across different areas of your face.

Examines the veins under your tongue, which can reflect circulation.

Times how quickly color returns to your nail after pressing, a circulation cue.

Eczema/psoriasis flag checks for skin patterns consistent with eczema or psoriasis, conditions that cause red, itchy, flaky, or scaly patches. A wellness cue to see a professional, not a diagnosis.

Flags a skin spot or mark worth showing a dermatologist. A wellness cue, not a cancer screen or diagnosis.

Pore visibility score rates how noticeable your pores are. Pore size is largely genetic, but excess oil, sun damage, and aging can make them more prominent.

Dehydration assessment combines spectral indicators, skin turgor, color temperature shifts, and blood concentration changes, to estimate hydration status.

Bruise age estimation tracks color change of bruises as hemoglobin breaks down: red/purple (fresh) to green (5-7 days) to yellow/brown (7-14 days).

Analyzes the color of your tongue, a traditional cue to circulation and general health.

Estimates the coating on your tongue, which can shift with digestion and hydration.

Assesses the shape and swelling of your tongue as a wellness cue.

Gauges how moist or dry your tongue looks, a simple hydration signal.

A directional digestive wellness score read from your tongue's appearance.

Flags general wellness patterns some traditions associate with tongue appearance.

A traditional wellness read of your constitution from tongue signs.

Analyzes the color of your nail beds, where paleness can hint at anemia.

Assesses ridges and smoothness of your nails as a nutrition and health cue.

Measures the visible half moon at the base of your nails.

Estimates how brittle your nails appear, which can relate to nutrition.

Looks for nail signs sometimes linked to vitamin or mineral gaps.

Measures puffiness beneath your eyes, which can reflect sleep, hydration and fluid balance.

Estimates the depth of fine lines around your eyes as a sign of skin aging.

Rates the darkness under your eyes, often linked to sleep, fatigue and circulation.

Detects swelling around the eyes that can point to fluid retention or allergies.

Assesses drooping of the skin around the eyes associated with aging.

A directional read on the freshness and tone of the skin around your eyes.

Looks for signs of poor lymphatic drainage around the eyes, such as persistent puffiness.

Checks for a yellowish tint in the whites of your eyes or skin. A wellness cue to see a professional, not a diagnosis.

Monitors for unevenness in your face, such as one side drooping. A wellness cue, not a stroke screen or diagnosis.

Parkinson hypomimia score screens for reduced facial expressiveness (sometimes called "masked face"), which some research associates with Parkinson's. A wellness cue, not a diagnosis.

Tremor detection flag watches for involuntary shaking or trembling in your facial muscles.

Exophthalmos flag checks for unusual forward bulging of the eyes, which can be associated with thyroid conditions, particularly an overactive thyroid (Graves' disease). A wellness cue, not a thyroid diagnosis.

Pain level indicator estimates your current pain level by analyzing subtle facial muscle movements.

Anemia screening (conjunctival) examines the inner lining of your lower eyelid for paleness, which is a classic sign of low red blood cell count. A wellness cue, not a blood test or diagnosis.

BMI estimate provides a rough body mass index estimate based on facial proportions. This is an approximation, facial structure varies greatly between individuals.

Waist-to-height ratio estimate approximates your body fat distribution. Carrying excess weight around the midsection is linked to higher risks for heart disease and diabetes.

Estimates your likelihood of obstructive sleep apnea, a condition where breathing repeatedly stops during sleep. An emerging estimate, not a diagnosis.